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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 240-254.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00264

• • 上一篇    

新疆干旱区农业面源污染空间分异及治理对策

马梓翔(), 晁伟鹏(), 朱叶   

  1. 塔里木大学 经济与管理学院,新疆 阿拉尔 843300
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-06 修回日期:2025-10-22 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-06-11
  • 通讯作者: 晁伟鹏
  • 作者简介:马梓翔(2001—),男,河南汝州人,硕士研究生,研究方向人口资源与环境。E-mail: 3199261734@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(24YJAZH029);塔里木大学科研创新计划项目(TDGRI2024106)

Spatial differentiation and governance mechanism of agricultural non-point source pollution in arid areas of Xinjiang

Zixiang Ma(), Weipeng Chao(), Ye Zhu   

  1. School of Economics and Management,Tarim University,Alar 843300,Xinjiang,China
  • Received:2025-07-06 Revised:2025-10-22 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-06-11
  • Contact: Weipeng Chao

摘要:

系统解析新疆农业面源污染空间分异规律与驱动机制,可为治理新疆农业面源污染和提升生态环境质量提供参考。采用排污系数法与等标污染负荷强度来核算新疆26个地区种植业、畜禽养殖、水产养殖及生活污水的总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮和化学需氧量(COD)排放量及强度,运用ArcGIS空间聚类分析法划分污染负荷强度分区及污染控制分区,结合植被覆盖度与降水因子,通过熵权法量化污染敏感性,最后借助地理探测器工具,对上述分区的驱动机制进行验证与深化。结果表明:(1)TN、TP、COD排放峰值集中于伊犁,氨氮峰值出现在喀什,克拉玛依为各类污染物最低值区;畜禽养殖是全域污染负荷最主要的来源,其后依次为种植业、生活污水和水产养殖。(2)聚类分析显示,乌鲁木齐、白杨、克州为中度负荷区,兵团其他师市为高度负荷区,自治区其他地区为低度负荷区;乌鲁木齐为生活污水和水产养殖复合高敏感区,克州为畜禽养殖主导高敏感区,兵团区域种植业敏感度全域最高。(3)在单因子驱动力分析中,产业模式对新疆农业面源污染的驱动最强,环境敏感性最弱,但产业模式-行政区划-环境敏感性中各因子耦合对新疆面源污染空间分异存在协同增强效应。

关键词: 新疆, 农业面源污染, 排污系数法, 等标污染负荷强度

Abstract:

In order to systematically analyze the spatial differentiation law and driving mechanism of agricultural non-point source pollution in Xinjiang, this study used the inventory analysis method and the equivalent pollution load intensity to calculate the average annual emissions and intensities of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from planting, livestock and poultry breeding, aquaculture and domestic sewage in 26 regions of Xinjiang from 2010 to 2021. Then, ArcGIS spatial cluster analysis was used to divide the pollution load intensity zone and pollution control zone. At the same time, the vegetation coverage and precipitation factors were combined to quantify the pollution sensitivity by the entropy weight method. The results showed that: (1) The peak emission of TN, TP and COD was concentrated in Yili, the peak of ammonia nitrogen occurred in Kashgar, and Karamay was the lowest value area of various pollutants. On the whole, the "Ili-Kashgar" belt showed a high-value distribution, while the economically developed areas in eastern and northern Xinjiang were low-value areas. (2) Cluster analysis shows that except for Baiyang City, all corps divisions are high-load areas; Urumqi, Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, and Baiyang City are medium-load areas; except for Urumqi and Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, all regions of the autonomous region are low-load areas; Urumqi is a composite highly sensitive area for domestic sewage and aquaculture; Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture is a highly sensitive area dominated by livestock and poultry breeding; the sensitivity of planting in the corps area is the highest in the whole region. (3) In the single-factor driving force analysis, the industrial mode has the strongest driving effect on agricultural non-point source pollution in Xinjiang, and environmental sensitivity is the weakest, but the coupling of various factors in industrial mode-administrative division-environmental sensitivity has a synergistic enhancement effect on the spatial differentiation of non-point source pollution in Xinjiang.

Key words: Xinjiang, agricultural non-point source pollution, inventory analysis, equivalent pollution load intensity

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